type stringclasses 1 value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6 values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | Which thyroid hormone transporter is implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome? | ['TH monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) mutation is implicated in the TH resistance syndrome'] | Hemizygous MCT8 mutations cuases TH resistance syndrome in males characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22986150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18940949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17574009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17161330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 489,
"offsetInEndSection": 732,
"text": "Hemizygous MCT8 mutations in males cause severe psychomotor retardation, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndr... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018382",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037021",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 52f8b2902059c6d71c000053 |
factoid | Name synonym of Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica. | [['Bazex syndrome']] | ['Acrokeratosis paraneoplastic (Bazex syndrome) is a rare, but distinctive paraneoplastic dermatosis characterized by erythematosquamous lesions located at the acral sites and is most commonly associated with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18775590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18672707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17097409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252191",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex is a rare but important paraneoplastic dermatosis, usually manifesting as p... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56bc751eac7ad10019000013 |
factoid | Orteronel was developed for treatment of which cancer? | [['castration-resistant prostate cancer']] | ['Orteronel was developed for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25701170",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25624429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24799061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25264242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150028",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 225,
"offsetInEndSection": 395,
"text": "Pooled-analysis was also performed, to assess the effectiveness of agents targeting the androgen axis via identi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162"
] | [] | 56c1f01def6e394741000045 |
factoid | Which is the protein that is encoded by the gene GLT8D1? | [['glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1']] | ['The GLT8D1 gene codes for the protein named glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114764"
] | [] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016695",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GL8D1_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GL8D1_DANRE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016757"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_43394A593936009",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/C9JY96"
},
{
"o": "GLT8D1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_43394A593936009... | 54d643023706e89528000007 |
factoid | Where is the protein Pannexin1 located? | [['plasma membrane']] | ['The protein Pannexin1 is localized to the plasma membranes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17064878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26100513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24694658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25056878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 394,
"offsetInEndSection": 620,
"text": "zfPanx1 was identified on the surface of horizontal cell dendrites invaginating deeply into the cone pedicle nea... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051179"
] | [
{
"o": "C544702",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17397470"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17400569",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedat... | 56af9f130a360a5e45000015 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Wilson's disease? | ['autosomal recessive'] | Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16932613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22610954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8615372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12152840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8186659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16932613",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 122,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "The disease has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, and is characterized by excessive copper deposition,... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006527",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020739",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/1198",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/diseaseSubtypeOf",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/4181"
},
{
"o": "Wilson_disease",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-ber... | 52bf1b0a03868f1b06000009 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)? | ['autosomal dominant'] | Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19248726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15307599",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10969520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143600",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 214,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "autosomal dominant FSHD1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582"
] | [] | 52bf19c503868f1b06000001 |
factoid | What kind of chromatography is HILIC? | [['Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography']] | ['Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22946920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737084",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238772"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217321",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC LC-MS/MS) method"
},
{
"begin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002845"
] | [] | 5505edac8e1671127b000005 |
factoid | What is the structural fold of bromodomain proteins? | [['All-alpha-helical fold']] | ['The structure fold of the bromodomains is an all-alpha-helical fold, which includes a left-handed four-helix bundle topology, with two short additional helices in a long connecting loop.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17694091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848202",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17148447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17498659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17694091",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 780,
"offsetInEndSection": 1028,
"text": "These new studies also support the notion that functional diversity of a conserved bromodomain structural fold ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506"
] | [] | 56e2cec751531f7e33000015 |
factoid | Which MAP kinase phosphorylates the transcription factor c-jun? | [['c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase', 'JNK']] | ['c-Jun is phosphorylated by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK).', 'An in vitro kinase assay revealed that c-Jun phosphorylation is primarily mediated via activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK).', 'c-Jun is phosphorylated by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291243",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321566",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 955,
"offsetInEndSection": 987,
"text": " c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016755",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007258",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007257"
] | [] | 5518e7da622b194345000004 |
factoid | What is the meaning of the acronym "TAILS" used in protein N-terminomics? | ['TAILS: Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates'] | TAILS stands for "Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates" | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23667905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367194",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21604129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305284"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21604127",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": ". It is important to identify what proteins are substrates of proteases and where their cleavage sites are so as... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TERM_DROME"
] | [] | 530a5117970c65fa6b000007 |
factoid | Which fusion protein is involved in the development of Ewing sarcoma? | [['EWS/FLI1']] | ['Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and young adults. In almost 95% of the cases, it is driven by oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI1, which acts as an aberrant transcription factor, that upregulates or downregulates target genes, leading to cellular transformation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17250957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206264",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25401475",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and young adults. It is driven by oncogenic fu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012512",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3368",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4980"
] | [] | 552fac4fbc4f83e828000006 |
factoid | Treatment of which disease was investigated in the MR CLEAN study? | [['acute ischemic stroke']] | ['Multicenter Randomized CLinical trial of Endovascular treatment for Acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) study investigated endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25432979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24330796"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25432979",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), the Multicenter Randomized CLinical trial of Endovascula... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54cf7051f693c3b16b000013 |
factoid | Which enzyme is targeted by Evolocumab? | [['proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9']] | ['Evolocumab (AMG145) is a fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) that demonstrated marked reductions in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in statin-intolerant patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24661068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24509273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24661068",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Efficacy and safety profile of evolocumab (AMG145), an injectable inhibitor of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54e0d1491388e8454a000014 |
factoid | What is the methyl donor of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases? | ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine'] | ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet, SAM) is the methyl donor of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the C-5 position of cytosine residues in DNA.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7607467",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8065896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7578083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1584813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441638",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 256,
"text": "The product of the dcm gene is the only DNA cytosine-C5 methyltransferase of Escherichia coli K-12; it catalyse... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0003886",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004248",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019175"
] | null | 51404dd723fec90375000002 |
factoid | Which signaling pathway does sonidegib inhibit? | [['Hedghog signalling pathway']] | ['Sonidegib is a Hedghog signalling pathway inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25981810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24613036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 942,
"offsetInEndSection": 1066,
"text": "The association between Hh activation status and tumor response to the Hh pathway inhibitor sonidegib (LDE225) ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d0451c3975bb303a00000e |
factoid | In which phase of the cell cycle arrest is impaired in Fanconi anemia? | [['In Fanconi anemia cells, the S-phase checkpoint is inefficient.']] | ['In response to damage induced by DNA cross-linking agents, the S-phase checkpoint is inefficient in Fanconi anemia (FA) cells, leading to accumulation of secondary lesions, such as single- and double-strand breaks and gaps. The prolonged time in G2 phase seen in FA cells therefore exists in order to allow the cells to remove lesions which accumulated during the preceding abnormal S phase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11035915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9650445",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9414295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11749045"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 538,
"offsetInEndSection": 850,
"text": "We found that ICLs activate a branched pathway downstream of the ATR kinase: one branch depending on CHK1 activi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007050",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059447",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field... | [] | 54ede8c594afd61504000009 |
factoid | Mutation of which gene is implicated in the familial isolated pituitary adenoma? | [['aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein']] | ['Mutation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene was implicated in the familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) syndrome. About 20% of the families with FIPA harbor inactivating mutation in AIP gene.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24078436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23652674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23310926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24078436",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "The cause of familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) remains unknown in a high percentage of cases, but the AI... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 551c23bc6b348bb82c00000b |
factoid | GV1001 vaccine targets which enzyme? | [['human telomerase reverse transcriptase']] | ['GV1001 is a 16-amino-acid vaccine peptide derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase sequence. It has been developed as a vaccine against various cancers.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24411674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24815142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22841437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24411674",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "A reverse-transcriptase-subunit of telomerase (hTERT) derived peptide, GV1001, has been developed as a vaccine aga... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014612"
] | [] | 56c1f02cef6e39474100004c |
factoid | Which is the E3 ubiquitin ligase which ubiquitinates IkB leading to its proteasomal degradation? | [['SCF(β-TrCP)', 'SCF beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP)', 'beta-Trcp']] | ['IκB degradation involves ubiquitination mediated by a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(β-TrCP). SCF(β-TrCP) -mediated IκB ubiquitination and degradation is a very efficient process, often resulting in complete degradation of the key inhibitor IκBα within a few minutes of cell stimulation.', 'IkappaB degradation is dependent upon its phosphorylation by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex and subsequent ubiquitination facilitated by beta-Trcp E3 ubiquitin ligase.Sequence comparison analysis showed sequence motif identity between CLU and beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP), a main E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in IkappaB-alpha degradation.', 'IkappaB degradation is dependent upon its phosphorylation by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex and subsequent ubiquitination facilitated by beta-Trcp E3 ubiquitin ligase.Sequence comparison analysis showed sequence motif identity between CLU and beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP), a main E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in IkappaB-alpha degradation.', 'IkappaB degradation is dependent upon its phosphorylation by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex and subsequent ubiquitination facilitated by beta-Trcp E3 ubiquitin ligase. SCF(β-TrCP) -mediated IκB ubiquitination and degradation is a very efficient process, often resulting in complete degradation of the key inhibitor IκBα within a few minutes of cell stimulation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20028970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17001349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10837071"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 600,
"offsetInEndSection": 1200,
"text": "IKK activation and IκB degradation involve different ubiquitination modes; the latter is mediated by a specific... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044767"
] | [] | 550af222c2af5d5b7000000b |
factoid | Is there a crystal structure of Greek Goat Encephalitis? | ['No crustal structure of Greek Goat Encephalitis found'] | Based on results no crustal structure of Greek Goat Encephalitis found. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20862256"
] | [] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004660",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015511",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003460",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [
{
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/39686",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/41406"
},
{
"o": "unclassified Flavivirus",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/scientificName",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/39686"
... | 532819afd6d3ac6a3400000f |
factoid | Mutation of which gene is implicated in the Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome? | [['thyroid transcription factor 1']] | ['Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (BLTS) characterized by congenital hypothyroidism, respiratory distress syndrome, and benign hereditary chorea is caused by thyroid transcription factor 1 (NKX2-1/TTF1) mutations.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26196025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25759798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24171694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22488412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22166853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26196025",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": " The disorder is caused by mutations to the NKX2.1 (TITF1) gene and also forms part of the \"brain-lung-thyroid ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [] | 56c1f03bef6e394741000053 |
factoid | Which enzyme is targeted by the drug Imetelstat? | ['Human Telomerase'] | Imetelstat sodium (GRN163L), is a 13-mer oligonucleotide N3'→P5' thio-phosphoramidate lipid conjugate, which represents the latest generation of telomerase inhibitors targeting the template region of the human functional telomerase RNA subunit. In preclinical trials, this compound has been found to inhibit telomerase activity in multiple cancer cell lines, as well as in vivo xenograft mouse models. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23545855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23516479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22906540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21332640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23545855",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Imetelstat (a telomerase antagonist) exerts off‑target effects on the cytoskeleton."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstra... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004358"
] | [
{
"o": "NCI: A synthetic lipid-conjugated, 13-mer oligonucleotide N3'-P5'-thio-phosphoramidate with potential antineoplastic activity. Complementary to the template region of telomerase (hTR) RNA, telomerase inhibitor GRN163L as a competitive enzyme inhibitor that binds and blocks the active site of the enzyme ... | 532498959b2d7acc7e000017 |
factoid | In which breast cancer patients can palbociclib be used? | [['hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative']] | ['Palbociclib is useful for women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792301"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236140",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- negative breast cancer-the most co... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001943",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1612"
] | [] | 56d06e043975bb303a000011 |
factoid | What is the method FASP used for? | [['proteomic sample preparation']] | ['Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP), a type of proteomic reactor, in which samples dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are digested in an ultrafiltration unit.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24289162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23784971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309553",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5509f433c2af5d5b70000008 |
factoid | Which gene is required for the efficient function of clopidogrel? | ['cytochrome P450, CYPC19'] | The prodrug clopidogrel requires activation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes for its antiplatelet effect. Variability in clopidogrel response might be influenced by polymorphisms in genes coding for drug metabolism enzymes (cytochrome P450 CYP2C19), transport proteins (P-glycoprotein) and/or target proteins for the drug (adenosine diphosphate-receptor P2Y12). The CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles had a gene dose effect on the pharmacodynamics and composite ischemic events of clopidogrel in our study population. Neither the ABCB1 nor the PON1 genotype significantly influenced the antiplatelet effect and clinical outcomes of clopidogrel in these patients | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21099121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20826260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "The CYP2C19 G681A single polymorphism has been proven to affect clopidogrel responsiveness. "
},
{
"begin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011110",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275944",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4260620",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [] | 531a34d5b166e2b806000036 |
factoid | Which transcription factor is considered as a master regulator of lysosomal genes? | [['Transcription factor EB (TFEB)']] | ['Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, driving lysosome adaptation to environmental cues, such as starvation, and therefore targeting of TFEB may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating lysosomal function in human disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23401004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23609508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23604321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22343943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21804531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23401004",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 252,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "In this paper, we identify a novel role for Rags in controlling activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cdf40d5795f9a73e00003d |
factoid | Which technique is used for detection of EWS/FLI1 fusion transcripts? | [['Reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)']] | ['Molecular detection of EWS-FLI1 chimeric transcripts in Ewing family tumors is carried out by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20231617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10379685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15565546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17154184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20231617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 520,
"text": "We evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on fine-ne... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 553653a5bc4f83e828000007 |
factoid | What is the application of the Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assay in Drosophila embryos? | [['The study of protein-protein interactions in a physiologically relevant developing context.']] | ['Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a powerful method for studying protein-protein interactions in different cell types and organisms. This method was recently developed in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, allowing analyzing protein interaction properties in a physiologically relevant developing context.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16454041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19771334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 598,
"text": "Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a powerful method for studying protein-protein interactions in ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004330",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004331",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013050",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 56c868a95795f9a73e000017 |
factoid | What is the genetic basis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome? | ['Mutations or/and deletions in the genes of the cAMP-response element binding protein-BP (CREBBP) (50-60% of the cases) and of the homologous gene E1A-binding protein (EP300) at 22q13 (5%).'] | ['Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder (prevalence 1:125,000) characterised by broad thumbs and halluces, facial dysmorphism, psychomotor development delay, skeletal defects, abnormalities in the posterior fossa and short stature. The known genetic causes are a microdeletion at 16p13.3 or mutations or deletions of the cAMP-response element binding protein-BP (CREBBP) (50-60% of the cases) and of the homologous gene E1A-binding protein (EP300) at 22q13 (5%). Direct sequencing of CREBBP performed in 13 RSTS patients identified the three zinc fingers (CH1, CH2, CH3) and HAT domain as mutational hotspots. Thus about 55% of patients have cytogenetic or molecular abnormalities in the Crebbp or E1A binding protein p300 (Ep300) gene, leaving the diagnosis in 45% of patients to rest on clinical features only.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23432975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20684013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7630403",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a well-defined syndrome with facial abnormalities, broad thumbs, broad b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1933"
] | null | 516e5f41298dcd4e5100007f |
factoid | What is the function of the AIRE gene at the embryonic stage? | [['stem cell renewal and self-immune tolerance']] | ['Aire regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Aire and Deaf1 help regulate the ectopic expression of diverse tissue-specific antigens to establish self-immune tolerance. Knockdown of Aire in mouse ESCs resulted in significantly decreased clone-forming efficiency as well as attenuated cell cycle, suggesting Aire plays a role in ESC self-renewal. Aire promotes the expression of the pluripotent factor Lin28 and the self-renewal of ES cells.', 'Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outside the immune system is largely unknown. The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells.', 'Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outside the immune system is largely unknown. The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells.', 'Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outside the immune system is largely unknown. The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells.', 'Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outside the immune system is largely unknown. The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells.', 'Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outside the immune system is largely unknown. The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells.', 'The recent discovery of Aire expression in stem cells and early embryonic cells and its function in the self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells highlight the importance of Aire in these cells. The correlation between Aire and Lin28 expression in germ cells and early embryos indicated an in vivo function for Aire in toti- and pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, it presents the first evidence that microRNAs contribute to the regulatory function of Aire and highlights a novel function of Aire in stem cell biology and reproduction. Monitoring Aire expression in MSCs may thus be a critical parameter for clinical use.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008896"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 359,
"text": "Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most well-characterized molecules in autoimmunity, but its function outs... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56ed27012ac5ed145900000b |
factoid | Which is the genetic defect causing Neurofibromatosis type 1? | ['Mutation in NF1 gene.'] | Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is due to all types of mutations in the neurofibromin (NF1) gene. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2129297"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome are both common genetic disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009456",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025542",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016514",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NF... | [] | 52f223e02059c6d71c00000e |
factoid | Which is the human selenoprotein that contains several Se-Cys residues? | ['Selenoprotein P'] | Selenoprotein P, that contains 10 selenocysteines. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15104205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11122377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 547,
"text": "selenoprotein P and several other selenoproteins are known to contain multiple selenocysteines"
},
{
"be... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051140",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051149",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joche... | [] | 5343caffaeec6fbd07000002 |
factoid | Which package is available for analysing genomic interactions in R/Bioconductor? | [['r3Cseq']] | ['r3Cseq is an R/Bioconductor package designed to perform 3C-seq data analysis in a number of different experimental designs. The package reads a common aligned read input format, provides data normalization, allows the visualization of candidate interaction regions and detects statistically significant chromatin interactions, thus greatly facilitating hypothesis generation and the interpretation of experimental results.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671339"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671339",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "r3Cseq: an R/Bioconductor package for the discovery of long-range genomic interactions from chromosome conformation capt... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023281",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009693",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] | [] | 56a39d60496b62f23f000006 |
factoid | How many clinical trials for off-label drugs in neonates are cited in the literature. | ['none', '0', 'zero'] | ['There are no reports on clinical trials of off-label drugs in neonates. An analysis of Pediatric Investigation Plans submitted between 2007 and 2010 shows that neonates were included in the study of 4 products, but it is unknown if the trial drugs are off-label and if the trials are being conducted at all.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20821198"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20821198",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 459,
"offsetInEndSection": 1195,
"text": "Of the 17 Paediatric Investigation Plans submitted, 14 have resulted in an EMA Decision, 3 were withdrawn b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056687",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002986",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016032",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | null | 5150b807d24251bc05000072 |
factoid | What enzyme is inhibied by Opicapone? | [['catechol-O-methyltransferase']] | ["Opicapone is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to be used as adjunctive therapy in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24271646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24148813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23336248"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24271646",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "PURPOSE: Opicapone (OPC) is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to be used as adjunctive therapy... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791"
] | [] | 56c1d857ef6e394741000033 |
factoid | Do archaeal genomes contain one or multiple origins of replication? | ['mostly multiple'] | Some archaea replicate from single origins but most archaea and all eukaryotes replicate using multiple origins. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15197606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12646230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15197606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1056,
"offsetInEndSection": 1407,
"text": "Therefore, these lines of evidence strongly suggest that the identified region is a replication origin, which ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018741",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020745"
] | [] | 52fe58f82059c6d71c00007a |
factoid | Which is the genetic basis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)? | [['The molecular genetic basis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, is the loss of function of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1)']] | ['The molecular genetic basis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, is the loss of function of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1). Mutations of the SMN1 gene are responsible for SMA. A single nucleotide in the SMN gene regulates splicing and is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy. A critical question is why only the homozygous loss of SMN1, and not SMN2, results in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). H4F5 is also highly deleted in type I SMA chromosomes, and thus is a candidate phenotypic modifier for SMA.\nThe molecular genetic basis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, is the loss of function of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20225030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17076267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12220455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628388",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 192,
"offsetInEndSection": 437,
"text": "Mutations in TRPV4, encoding a cation channel, have recently been identified in one large dominant congenital sp... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009134",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009133",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:767",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exa... | [] | 56c5fd325795f9a73e000005 |
factoid | Which is the third subunit of the TSC1-TSC2 complex upstream of mTORC1? | ['TBC1D7'] | TBC1D7 was identified as a stably associated and ubiquitous third core subunit of the TSC1-TSC2 complex. It was demonstrated that TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7 (TSC-TBC) is the functional complex that senses specific cellular growth conditions and possesses Rheb-GAP activity to negatively regulate mTORC1 activity. In agreement with this, TBC1D7 knockdown was shown to result in increased mTORC1 signaling, delayed induction of autophagy, and enhanced cell growth under poor growth conditions. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22795129"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22795129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 328,
"text": "The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressors form the TSC1-TSC2 complex, which limits cell growth in res... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC1_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0033596",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0031931",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4266396"
] | [] | 5319ac99b166e2b806000034 |
factoid | Which kinase is inhibited by the small molecule KN-93? | [['The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II', 'CaM kinase II', 'CAMK2']] | ['The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II) is inhibited by the small molecule KN-93. KN-93 is a membrane-permeant calcium/calmodulin- dependent kinase II (CaMK-II)-selective inhibitor'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22290426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17457979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16896952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15175389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22290426",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "KN-93, a membrane-permeant calcium/calmodulin- dependent kinase-selective inhibitor, induces apoptosis in some lin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007266"
] | [] | 54f89e1a06d9727f76000001 |
factoid | What are 'vildagliptin', 'sitagliptin', 'saxagliptin', 'alogliptin', 'linagliptin', and 'dutogliptin'? | [['dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors']] | ['"Sitagliptin," "vildagliptin," "saxagliptin," "alogliptin," "linagliptin," and "dutogliptin" are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215383",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21431099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23837679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215383",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 301,
"offsetInEndSection": 785,
"text": "The present metaanalysis was designed to assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on blood lipids, verifying possib... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243818",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243458",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274679",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000069476",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:427... | [] | 571e275dbb137a4b0c000005 |
factoid | Which is the most important prognosis sub-classification in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? | ['The mutational status of the IGHV genes.'] | ['The mutational status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) genes, defines two subsets: mutated and unmutated CLL. Unmutated CLL patients show a shorter progression-free and overall survival than mutated CLL patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560084",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20353875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560084",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 621,
"offsetInEndSection": 879,
"text": "One of the most reliable prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the mutational status o... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | null | 51739df58ed59a060a00001c |
factoid | What is needed for MMP proteins to be functional? | [['zinc']] | ['Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopeptidases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26013370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25360794",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26013370",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 73,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56e857ae42442bac75000004 |
factoid | What is hyperosmia | [['increased olfactory acuity']] | ['increased olfactory acuity', 'Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity ', 'Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity ', 'Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity ', 'Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity ', 'Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520356",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250223"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302690",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "Hyperosmia is suspected in pregnancy; however, no empirical study using validated measures of olfactory function h... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5509c52f1180f13250000004 |
factoid | What is the number of long non coding RNAs in the human genome | ['between 10,000 and 20,000'] | ['Different estimates put currently the number of human long non coding RNAs between 10,000 and 20,000'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126680",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846593"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126680",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 344,
"offsetInEndSection": 516,
"text": "The recent ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) study reported 9,640 lncRNA loci in the human genome, which cor... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062085",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015894"
] | [] | 535d2cf09a4572de6f000004 |
factoid | Which is the most known bacterium responsible for botulism (sausage-poisoning)? | [['Clostridium botulinum']] | ['Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), and affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, birds, and some fishes. Botulinum toxin is produced under anaerobic conditions by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which is the most known etiological agent of the disease, and some other clostridia, and is one of the most dangerous toxin in the world.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23971808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253240",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Botulism is a serious foodborne neuroparalytic disease, caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by the ana... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11976"
] | [] | 55475dc2f35db75526000001 |
factoid | What is the association of spermidine with α-synuclein neurotoxicity? | [['Spermidine protects against α-synuclein neurotoxicity']] | ["Spermidine protects against α-synuclein neurotoxicity. In the fruit fly, simple feeding with spermidine inhibited loss of climbing activity and early organismal death upon heterologous expression of human α-synuclein, which is thought to be the principal toxic trigger of Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this line, administration of spermidine rescued α-synuclein-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, a hallmark of PD, in nematodes. Alleviation of PD-related neurodegeneration by spermidine was accompanied by induction of autophagy, suggesting that this cytoprotective process may be responsible for the beneficial effects of spermidine administration."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25483063",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22662273"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25483063",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 54,
"text": "Spermidine protects against α-synuclein neurotoxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4275085",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013095",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275085"
] | [] | 56c073fcef6e394741000020 |
factoid | Where is the histone variant CENPA preferentially localized? | ['Centromeres'] | THe histone variant CENPA is preferentially located at Centromeric chromatin | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23439889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20119530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12217960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12011073",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314512",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 745,
"offsetInEndSection": 774,
"text": "centromere protein A (CENPA),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4278518",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006657",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CENPA_XENLA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CENPA_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CENPA_XENTR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/unipro... | [] | 52fe52702059c6d71c000078 |
factoid | Which is the prognostic meaning of delayed enhancement documented in patients hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | ['Delayed enhancement by CMR has prognostic value in predicting adverse cardiovascular events among HCM patients.'] | Delayed enhancement by CMR has prognostic value in predicting adverse cardiovascular events among HCM patients, and is associated with cardiovascular mortality, heart failure death, and all-cause mortality in HCM. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20079992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19474054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1208,
"offsetInEndSection": 1466,
"text": " It is possible to conclude that there is a high prevalence of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopa... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002312",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011379",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009682",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 5339ecf4d6d3ac6a3400005f |
factoid | Which is the cellular localization of the protein Opa1? | [['mitochondrial intermembrane space']] | ['Opa1 is found normally in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.', 'The Opa1 protein localizes to the mitochondria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24632637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23663851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20079867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12504110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847212",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 302,
"offsetInEndSection": 457,
"text": ". The subcellular distribution of mOPA1 overexpressed in COS-7 cells largely overlapped that of endogenous cytoc... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070585"
] | [] | 5717d64f29809bbe7a000001 |
factoid | Which genome browser database for DNA shape annotations is available? | [['GBshape']] | ['The Genome Browser for DNA shape annotations (GBshape; freely available at http://rohslab.cmb.usc.edu/GBshape/) provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 organisms. Additional genomes can easily be added using the GBshape framework. GBshape can be used to visualize DNA shape annotations qualitatively in a genome browser track format, and to download quantitative values of DNA shape features as a function of genomic position at nucleotide resolution.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 61,
"text": "GBshape: a genome browser database for DNA shape annotations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064878",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019991"
] | [] | 56c8f4615795f9a73e00001a |
factoid | What is the enzymatic activity of the breast cancer associated gene BRCA1? | [['E3 ubiquitin ligase activity']] | ['Discovering the precise function of the breast and ovarian specific tumor suppressor, BRCA1, has proven to be quite complicated. The protein encoded by BRCA1 interacts in vivo with the related BARD1 protein to form a heterodimeric complex that acts as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. E3-ubiquitin ligase activity is the only known enzymatic activity of BRCA1, which is mediated by the N-terminal RING finger domain.', 'E3-ubiquitin ligase activity is the only known enzymatic activity of BRCA1, which is mediated by the N-terminal RING finger domain.BRCA1 nuclear transport and ubiquitin E3 ligase enzymatic activity are tightly regulated by the BRCA1 dimeric binding partner BARD1 and further modulated by cancer mutations and diverse signaling pathways.', 'E3-ubiquitin ligase activity is the only known enzymatic activity of BRCA1, which is mediated by the N-terminal RING finger domain.BRCA1 nuclear transport and ubiquitin E3 ligase enzymatic activity are tightly regulated by the BRCA1 dimeric binding partner BARD1 and further modulated by cancer mutations and diverse signaling pathways.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088202",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710298",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16479151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681793",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 347,
"offsetInEndSection": 478,
"text": "E3-ubiquitin ligase activity is the only known enzymatic activity of BRCA1, which is mediated by the N-terminal ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BRCA1_GORGO",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0070531"
] | [] | 552421082c8b63434a000005 |
factoid | What is the function of Neu5Gc (N-Glycolylneuraminic acid)? | [['Neu5Gc is an immune message to self']] | ['N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is an immunogenic sugar of dietary origin that metabolically incorporates into diverse native glycoconjugates in humans. Humans lack a functional cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) protein and cannot synthesize the sugar Neu5Gc, an innate mammalian signal of self. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) can be incorporated in human cells and can trigger immune response, a response that is diverse and polyclonal. As dietary Neu5Gc is primarily found in red meat and milk products, it is suggested that this ongoing antigen-antibody reaction may generate chronic inflammation, possibly contributing to the high frequency of diet-related carcinomas and other diseases in humans.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25003133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786991"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124893",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 77,
"offsetInEndSection": 250,
"text": "Humans lack a functional cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) protein and cannot syn... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4256873",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019158"
] | [] | 5719f5b27de986d80d00000c |
factoid | Which metabolite activates AtxA? | [['CO2', 'bicarbonate']] | ['Upon infection of a mammalian host, Bacillus anthracis responds to host cues, and particularly to elevated temperature (37°C) and bicarbonate/CO2 concentrations, with increased expression of virulence factors that include the anthrax toxins and extracellular capsular layer. Cultures grown with elevated CO(2) /bicarbonate exhibited increased AtxA dimer/monomer ratios and increased AtxA activity, relative to cultures grown without added CO(2) /bicarbonate, suggesting that this host-associated signal enhances AtxA function by shifting the dimer/monomer equilibrium towards the dimeric state. CO2-enhanced toxin gene transcription is not observed in atx4-null mutants. Overall data indicate a clear association of atxA with CO2-enhanced gene expression in B. anthracis and provide evidence that atxA regulates genes other than the structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins.', 'Comparison of the resulting protein patterns indicated that synthesis of non-toxin proteins is influenced by growth in elevated CO2 and the toxin gene regulator, atxA. The Bacillus anthracis toxin genes, cya, lef, and pag, can be viewed as a regulon, in which transcription of all three genes is activated in trans by the same regulatory gene, atxA, in response to the same signal, CO2. However, the steady-state level of atxA mRNA in cells grown in elevated CO2/bicarbonate at 37 degrees C is five- to sixfold higher than that observed in cells grown in the same conditions at 28 degrees C. A corresponding difference in AtxA protein was also seen at the different growth temperatures. All mutants multimerized, but one mutation, C402S, prevented cross-linking.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17302798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24661624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21923765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15149039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9199422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9234759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17302798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 217,
"offsetInEndSection": 471,
"text": "Here we report that bioinformatic analyses suggested the presence in AtxA of two PTS (phosphenolpyruvate : sugar... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATXA_BACAN"
] | [] | 5710a592cf1c32585100002a |
factoid | Which amino acid residue appears mutated in most of the cases reported with cadasil syndrome? | ['Cysteine'] | CADASIL is caused mostly by missense mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, invariably involving a cysteine residue. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16717210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15304596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "missense mutations and small deletions in the NOTCH3 gene, not involving cysteine residues, have been described in... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D046589",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024342",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "UMLS_CUI:C0751587",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/DOID:13945"
},
{
"o": "cadasil",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/... | 532366f09b2d7acc7e000015 |
factoid | Is the transcriptional regulator BACH1 an activator or a repressor? | ['Repressor'] | BACH1, a basic leucine zipper mammalian transcriptional repressor, negatively regulates heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), a key cytoprotective enzyme that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the absence of elevated intracellular heme or oxidative stress, BACH1 functions as a repressor of the enhancers of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene (Hmox-1) by forming heterodimers with the small Maf proteins such as MafK. Bach1 is recruited to a subset of p53 target genes and contributes to impeding p53 action by promoting histone deacetylation. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 648,
"offsetInEndSection": 835,
"text": "We demonstrate that FBXL17 controls the transcription of the NRF2 target HMOX1 via turnover of the transcription... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FANCJ_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BACH1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FANCJ_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BACH1_MOUSE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006351",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CODY_LACLA"
] | [
{
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/keywords/678",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/classifiedWith",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P97302"
},
{
"o": "BTB and CNC homolog 1",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5039373330320012"
... | 52ed795098d0239505000032 |
factoid | Which disease is characterized by congenital absence of intrinsic ganglion cells of the gastrointestinal tract? | [['Aganlionic megacolon or Hirschsprung disease']] | ['The medical condition characterized by the congenital absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract is called aganlionic megacolon or Hirschsprung disease.', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder associated with the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract.This severe congenital condition is caused by the absence of colonic neural ganglia and thus lack of intrinsic innervation of the colon due in turn to improper colonization of the developing intestines by ENS progenitor cells.', 'Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR), also known as aganglionic megacolon, derives from a congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). This severe congenital condition is caused by the absence of colonic neural ganglia and thus lack of intrinsic innervation of the colon due in turn to improper colonization of the developing intestines by ENS progenitor cells.', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births. It is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract. ', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births. It is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract. ', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births. It is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract. ', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births. It is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract. ', 'Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births. It is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses along variable lengths of the gastrointestinal tract. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23836442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), also known as aganglionic megacolon, derives from a congenital malformation of the ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55000cc4e9bde69634000004 |
factoid | What is the disease in which patients are sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents, presenting with a high frequency of chromosomal aberrations? | [['Fanconi anemia']] | ['Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability and manifests by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations. ', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations. ', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations. ', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations. ', 'Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7011307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8876687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8058745",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16115458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7116934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568838",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 332,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abno... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54ede28094afd61504000003 |
factoid | How is oprozomib administered? | [['Orally']] | ['Oprozomib is administered orally.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24712303",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24915039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24103732",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24712303",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 715,
"offsetInEndSection": 802,
"text": "Further, new orally administered second-generation PI oprozomib is being investigated. "
},
{
"beginSect... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56ecfd572ac5ed1459000002 |
factoid | Which syndrome is associated with mutant DVL1? | [['Robinow syndrome']] | ['Mutations in DVL1 cause an osteosclerotic form of Robinow syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25817014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25817016"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25817014",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Mutations in DVL1 cause an osteosclerotic form of Robinow syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docume... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5709ee36cf1c32585100001e |
factoid | What is the target of the drug Olaparib? | [['poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase', 'PARP']] | ['The drug Olaparib target the protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25526472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25483710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25481791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25417706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25374341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531448",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 97,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "We show that targeting PARP by the small molecule inhibitors, Olaparib "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011065",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PARP_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PARP_SARPE",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi... | [
{
"o": "C71721",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17682038"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17696481",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | 54d649843706e89528000009 |
factoid | Inhibition of which transporter is the mechanism of action of drug Canagliflozin? | ['sodium glucose co-transporter 2'] | Inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the major mechanism of action of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is under regulatory review in the EU. Other SGLT2 inhibitors include dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 303,
"offsetInEndSection": 436,
"text": "During the past year, two SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have been approved for the treatmen... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002352",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051051",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032410",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+... | [] | 5335c7f2d6d3ac6a34000051 |
factoid | What is the prognostic role of thyroid hormone in patients with heart failure? | ['There is a relationship between altered thyroid profile and mortality in patients with heart failure'] | Altered thyroid profile, particularly sick euthyroid syndrome, is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure, adding prognostic information to conventional clinical and functional cardiac parameters. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19181292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1115,
"offsetInEndSection": 1429,
"text": " Cumulative survival was significantly lower among patients with free triiodothyronine < 2.12 pg/mL and among ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005067",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 531b2fc3b166e2b80600003c |
factoid | Which gene strand is targeted by transcription-coupled repair (TCR)? | [['the transcribed strand']] | ['Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) removes a variety of helix-distorting lesions from DNA. It has two sub-pathways, the global genome (gg) NER and the transcription-coupled repair (TCR). TCR is triggered when a RNA polymerase, translocating along the transcribed strand, is arrested at a lesion or unusual structure in the DNA. TCR is dedicated to target and repair the transcribed strand of an active gene.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21466822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21214942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19381941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902626",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is the major pathway involved in the removal of UV-induced photolesions from th... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006283",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MFD_STAAM",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052416",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0090262"
] | [] | 5545186cbf90a13052000002 |
factoid | Which is the branch site consensus sequence in U12-dependent introns? | [['UUCCUUAAC']] | ['The branch site consensus sequence in U12-dependent introns is UUCCUUAAC.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824513"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "Highly conserved sequences at the 5' splice site and branch site of U12-dependent introns are important determinan... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016384",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007438",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D032921",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PM... | [] | 5357a6d0f1005d6b58000004 |
factoid | What is the suggested therapy for Mycobacterium avium infection? | [['Rifampin 10 mg/kg daily, ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily, clofazimine 100 mg every day, and ethambutol 15 mg/kg orally daily for 24 weeks, with or without amikacin 10 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly 5 days weekly for the first 4 weeks']] | ['The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection. TLC G-65 in combination with rifapentine appears to be an attractive regimen for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria in the M. avium complex. Rifampin 10 mg/kg daily, ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily, clofazimine 100 mg every day, and ethambutol 15 mg/kg orally daily for 24 weeks, with or without amikacin 10 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly 5 days weekly for the first 4 weeks. In vivo phage treatment may also be used in some cases.', 'The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection', 'The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection', 'The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection', 'The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection', 'The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithromycin, clofazimine and ethambutol, was evaluated in the beige mouse (C57BL/6J--bgj/bgj) model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16584300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9875582",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1387133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1832527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10714126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1387133",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "The activity of TLC G-65 (a liposomal gentamicin preparation), alone and in combination with rifapentine, clarithro... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5710ade4cf1c32585100002c |
factoid | What is the genetic basis of tuberous sclerosis? | [['TSC1 and TSC2 genes']] | ['The genetic basis of tuberous sclerosis has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2. The functions of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene products, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, have remained ill defined until recently. Genetic, biochemical, and biologic analyses have highlighted their role as negative regulators of the mTOR signaling pathway. Tuberin, serving as a substrate of AKT and AMPK, mediates mTOR activity by coordinating inputs from growth factors and energy availability in the control of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Emerging evidence also suggests that the TSC 1/2 complex may play a role in modulating the activity of beta-catenin and TGFbeta. These findings provide novel functional links between the TSC genes and other tumor suppressors.', 'The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'We previously found TSC2 loss of heterozygosity in 7 of 13 (54%) of angiomyolipomas from sporadic LAM patients, suggesting that LAM and TSC could have a common genetic basis. In this study, we report the identification of somatic TSC2 mutations in five of seven angiomyolipomas from sporadic LAM patients. Our data demonstrate that somatic mutations in the TSC2 gene occur in the angiomyolipomas and pulmonary LAM cells of women with sporadic LAM, strongly supporting a direct role of TSC2 in the pathogenesis of this disease. The study of hereditary tumor syndromes has laid a solid foundation toward understanding the genetic basis of cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15565817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15563017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10823953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15565817",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 731,
"text": "The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2."... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014402",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13515"
] | [] | 56ed14d92ac5ed145900000a |
factoid | What is the molecular function of the Chd1 protein? | [['Chd1 is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase']] | ['The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling enzyme Chd1 is a 168-kDa protein consisting of a double chromodomain, Snf2-related ATPase domain, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. One of the two chromodomains of Chd1 specifically interacts with the methylated lysine 4 mark on histone H3 that is associated with transcriptional activity. Human CHD1 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein, as a factor that directly and selectively recognizes histone H3 methylated on lysine 4.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16468993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623345",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "The DNA-binding domain of the Chd1 chromatin-remodelling enzyme contains SANT and SLIDE domains"
},
{
"beginSecti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHD1_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHD1_MOUSE"
] | [] | 57092332cf1c325851000018 |
factoid | Which enzyme does MLN4924 inhibit? | [['NEDD8-activating enzyme']] | ['MLN4924 is an investigational small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25615422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24213570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20129059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23624319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24213570",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 880,
"offsetInEndSection": 1110,
"text": "Finally, MLN4924, an investigational small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) that inhibits CR... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791"
] | [] | 56ed03862ac5ed1459000004 |
factoid | Which protein has been found to interact with phospholamban (PLN) and is also an anti-apoptotic protein? | [['The HS-1 associated protein X-1', '(HAX-1)']] | ['The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) is a mitochondrial protein with anti-apoptotic function and presents with numerous similarities to Bcl-2. and was identified as a phospholamban-binding partner. Using the yeast-two-hybrid system, HS-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) was identified as a PLN-binding partner.', 'The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) transport ATPase (SERCA2a) and its inhibitor phospholamban (PLN) control the uptake of Ca(2+) by SR membranes during relaxation. Recently, the antiapoptotic HS-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) was identified as a binding partner of PLN, and this interaction was postulated to regulate cell apoptosis.Phospholamban interacts with HAX-1, a mitochondrial protein with anti-apoptotic function.', 'Phospholamban interacts with HAX-1, a mitochondrial protein with anti-apoptotic function.The discovery of the PLN/HAX-1 interaction therefore unveils an important new link between Ca(2+) homeostasis and cell survival, with significant therapeutic potential.', 'Phospholamban interacts with HAX-1, a mitochondrial protein with anti-apoptotic function.The discovery of the PLN/HAX-1 interaction therefore unveils an important new link between Ca(2+) homeostasis and cell survival, with significant therapeutic potential.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17241641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18415121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19920172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24550830"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17241641",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 479,
"text": "To identify additional proteins that may interact with PLN, we used the yeast-two-hybrid system to screen an adu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_CANFA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_PIG",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPLA_R... | [] | 54f9cb34dd3fc62544000002 |
factoid | What is the number of protein coding genes in the human genome? | ['Between 20,000 and 25,000'] | The number of protein coding genes in the human genome is currently estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20175080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18040051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15034132"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20175080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "Here, seven membrane protein topology prediction methods based on different underlying algorithms, such as hidde... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016366",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [] | 535d3c069a4572de6f000006 |
factoid | What is the indication for prophylactic use of antibiotics in COPD? | ['Reduction of number of exacerbations'] | ['In a subset of patients with severe disease and prone to developing infections prophylactic use of antibiotics may reduce number of exacerbations and improve social and health care costs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20477251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498704"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108462",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 657,
"text": "Yet recent well-designed studies have demonstrated that prophylactic antibiotic use is of significant benefi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D029424",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3083",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000900",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... | null | 515df063298dcd4e51000029 |
factoid | What is the generic name of Gliolan? | [['5-aminolevulinic acid']] | ['5-aminolevulinic acid (or 5-ALA) is the generic name of Gliolan. It is approved for fluorescence-guided resections of adult malignant gliomas.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23870657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22849976"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Five-aminolevulinic acid (Gliolan, medac, Wedel, Germany, 5-ALA) is approved for fluorescence-guided r... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54d73e223706e89528000010 |
factoid | How many genes does the human hoxD cluster contain? | ['9'] | ["The human HOXD complex contains nine genes: HOXD1, HOXD3, HOXD4, HOXD8, HOXD9, HOXD10, HOXD11, HOXD12 and HOXD13, which are clustered from 3′ to 5′ in an approximately 100-kb stretch on chromosome 2q31.1 with HOXD1 at the 3' end and HOXD13 the 5′ end."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22879880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364522"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364522",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 699,
"offsetInEndSection": 828,
"text": "Both children are heterozygous for a deletion that eliminates at least eight (HOXD3-HOXD13) of the nine gene... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | null | 515db083298dcd4e51000012 |
factoid | Which protein is the E3-ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor p53 for proteasomal degradation? | [['The mouse double minute 2 (mdm2)', 'The human homologue of Mdm2 (Hdm2)']] | ['The p53 tumour suppressor protein is tightly controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). The RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 is the master regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. It targets p53 for proteasomal degradation, restraining the potent activity of p53 and enabling cell survival and proliferation. p53 is inactivated in many human malignancies through missense mutations or overexpression of the human homologue of Mdm2 (Hdm2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates p53, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation.', "This is well illustrated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 that targets p53 for proteasomal degradation under normal conditions and is essential for controlling p53 activity during development., p53 is inactivated in many human malignancies through missense mutations or overexpression of the human homologue of Mdm2 (Hdm2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates p53, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation., Mdm2 has been thought to regulate the tumor suppressor p53 in two ways: by masking p53's access to transcriptional machinery, and by ubiquitinating p53, targeting it for proteasomal degradation"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671280",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23581014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "p53 levels and activity are controlled in large part through regulated ubiquitination and subsequent destruction b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55058af6f73303d458000004 |
factoid | What is the proportion of non canonical splice sites in the human genome? | ['Between 1% and 2% '] | ['Between 1% and 2% of human splice sites do not contain the canonical GT-AG dinucleotides'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125105"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125105",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 428,
"offsetInEndSection": 635,
"text": "Of these, 98.71% contain canonical GT-AG junctions (22 199 entries) and 0.56% have non-canonical GC-AG splice si... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004274",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015894",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 535d35779a4572de6f000005 |
factoid | What is the causative agent of the "Panama disease" affecting bananas? | [['Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense']] | ['Panama disease of banana is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24304681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18943184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12926878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt (Panama disease), is one of the most de... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010935",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010176",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | [
{
"o": "true",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/reviewed",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/5507"
},
{
"o": "fungal sp. ZZF51",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/otherName",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/5507"
},
{
"o": "Panama disease fungus",
"p": "http://... | 56b7083376d8bf8d13000001 |
factoid | Which biomarker is widely used in the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma? | [['CD99']] | ['CD99 is a hallmark marker for Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783138"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 218,
"offsetInEndSection": 463,
"text": "half of B-LBL patients are negative for CD45 (leucocyte common antigen, LCA), a widely used marker for the diagn... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012512",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015415",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3368",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4980"
] | [] | 55376663bc4f83e82800000a |
factoid | Which signalling pathway is involved in Tuberous Sclerosis? | ['Tuberous Sclerosis is caused by hyperactivation of the mTOR signalling pathway.'] | Tuberous Sclerosis is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 gene, that leads to hyperactivation of the mTOR signalling pathway, and subsequent dysregulation of cell growth control. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20457704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15562827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159330",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by mutation in either Tsc1 or Tsc2 genes... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014402",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC2_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13515",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0... | [] | 52f11b922059c6d71c000004 |
factoid | Which is the relation between sweating and anaerobic threshold? | [['There is no clear evidence of the relationship between sweating and anaerobic threshold']] | ['There is no clear evidence of the relationship between sweating and anaerobic threshold'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12937031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7588694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2703281"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12937031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1353,
"offsetInEndSection": 1560,
"text": "It is concluded that the sweating response during upright recovery is significantly modified by exercise inten... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013546",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008660",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015308"
] | [] | 536787467d100faa09000010 |
factoid | Name monoclonal antibody against SLAMF7. | [['signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-F7']] | ['Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-F7 (SLAMF7, also known as CS1, CD319, or CRACC) that enhances natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of SLAMF7-expressing myeloma cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25287778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24941981"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035255",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000911",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SLAF7_HUMAN"
] | [] | 56c077e9ef6e394741000021 |
factoid | Which enzyme deficiency can cause GM1 gangliosidoses? | [['β-galactosidase']] | ['GM1 gangliosidoses are associated with deficiency of β-galactosidase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23622392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17442056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1588015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2123760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2117086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23622392",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 272,
"offsetInEndSection": 382,
"text": "GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis are associated with deficiency of β-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase respectively"
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571f609c0fd6f91b6800000c |
factoid | What is the characteristic feature of the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. | [['cerebral hemiatrophy']] | ['Cerebral hemiatrophy (atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere) is the characteristic feature of the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. It develops due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. Calvarial thickening, skull and facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiparesis, cognitive impairment and seizures are also characteristic to the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome.\n.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23672850",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23189018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22681314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23672850",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": "Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare condition characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55032e65e9bde69634000034 |
factoid | Which gene is involved in the development of Barth syndrome? | [['Tafazzin (TAZ) gene']] | ['Tafazzin, a mitochondrial acyltransferase encoded by a gene of the same name, plays an important role in cardiolipin side chain remodeling. Studies have shown that mutation-induced dysfunction of tafazzin reduces cardiolipin content, impairs mitochondrial function, and causes dilated cardiomyopathy in Barth syndrome (BTHS).', 'Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)', 'Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)', 'Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)', 'Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)', 'Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24813252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941633",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS)"
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5717d86029809bbe7a000003 |
factoid | How many genes are in the gene signature screened by MammaPrint? | ['70 genes'] | ['Mammaprint has a 70 gene signature.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22553468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21479927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347730",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "The 70 gene-signature (MammaPrint(®)) is a prognostic profile of distant recurrence and survival of primary b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | [
{
"o": "MammaPrint",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17680439"
}
] | 514a0f4ad24251bc05000053 |
factoid | How many genera comprise the Flaviviridae family? | ['three', '3'] | ['The family Flaviviridae is comprised of three genera: Flavivirus, Pestivirus and Hepacivirus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22513121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20470249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8396675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19035566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22513121",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 352,
"text": "Within a project aimed at discovering new Flaviviridae inhibitors, new variously substituted 2-phenylbenzimida... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018067"
] | null | 51651e24298dcd4e51000054 |
factoid | Mutation of which gene is associated with Achondroplasia? | ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)'] | Achondroplasia is due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12048679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10932008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10881785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9949234",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225389",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 418,
"offsetInEndSection": 707,
"text": "She was subsequently diagnosed with hypochondroplasia at the age of 6 years when disproportional short stature, ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000130",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/ACH",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/1308"
},
{
"o": "ACH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label... | 52b2e498f828ad283c000010 |
factoid | Which type of lung cancer is the most strongly associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome? | ['small-cell lung cancer'] | ['Small-cell lung cancer is most commonly associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome. Case reports suggest that other non-small-cell lung cancer types, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, can be also very rarely associated this syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1470196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1318636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1448671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1339000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731034",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1592,
"offsetInEndSection": 1792,
"text": "The autoantibodies implicated in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LES), which are known to inhibit IC... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015624",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008175",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1324",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3905",
"http://... | null | 5147c088d24251bc05000026 |
factoid | What distinguishes lantibiotics from antibiotics? | [['Lantibiotics are post-translationally modified natural peptides containing lanthionine']] | ['One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides. Low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Nisin is the oldest and the most widely used lantibiotic, in food preservation, without having developed any significant resistance against it.', 'One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.', 'One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.', 'One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.', 'One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.', 'One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.', 'Lantibiotic compounds are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides against which bacteria are not able to produce resistance, hence making them a good alternative to antibiotics. It is interesting that low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Given that there are very few examples of naturally occurring lantibiotic resistance, attempts have been made to deliberately induce resistance phenotypes in order to investigate this phenomenon. Other general forms of resistance include the formation of spores or biofilms, which are a common mechanistic response to many classes of antimicrobials.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25787977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23168402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24621781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19393544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25787977",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 124,
"offsetInEndSection": 339,
"text": "One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4260744",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275453"
] | [] | 5719f5c67de986d80d00000d |
factoid | The antibodies MK-3475 and CT-011 have shown promising results in treating malignancies. Which protein are they targeting? | ['PD-1'] | ['PD-1', 'Modulation of the immune system by targeting coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors has become a promising new approach of immunotherapy for cancer. OBJECTIVE: CT-011 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune response through interaction with PD-1, a protein belonging to the B7 receptor family present on lymphocytes. The objectives of this phase I study were to assess the dose-limiting toxicities, to determine the maximum tolerated dose, and to study the pharmacokinetics of CT-011 administered once to patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. We have developed a cancer vaccine in which autologous tumor is fused with dendritic cells resulting in the presentation of tumor antigens in the context of DC-mediated costimulation. The median t1/2 of CT-011 ranged from 217 to 410 hours. The PD1/PDL1 pathway is an important element contributing to tumor-mediated immune suppression. The recent approval of the CTLA-4-blocking antibody ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma was a watershed event, opening up a new era in the field of immunotherapy. T-cell expression of programmed death receptor-1 down-regulates the immune response against malignancy by interacting with cognate ligands ( eg, PD-L1 ) on tumor cells; however, little is known regarding PD-1 and natural killer ( NK ) cells. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21710477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21577144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20460501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18483370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263823"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21710477",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": "we find that using an anti-PD-1 antibody (CT-011)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "ht... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008545",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1909",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4159",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058950",
"http://... | null | 517901bc8ed59a060a00003b |
factoid | What family do mDia proteins belong in? | [['mDia proteins are members of the formin family']] | ['mDia proteins are members of the formin family.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24563699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23721065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060957",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "mDia proteins are members of the formin family of actin nucleating proteins that polymerize linear actin filaments... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54e0e902ae9738404b000001 |
factoid | Which is the most common measure of differences between dinucleotide relative abundance "genomic signatures" | [['delta-distance']] | ['The concept of a genomic signature was introduced with the observation of species-type specific Dinucleotide Relative Abundance Profiles (DRAPs). The set of dinucleotide odds ratios or \'general design\' is a remarkably stable property of the DNA of an organism, and can be used to discriminate between sequences from different organisms. The average absolute dinucleotide relative abundance difference is termed delta-distance. Delta-distance is the most commonly used measure of differences bwetween "genomic signatures". Delta-distances between different genomic sequences in the same species are low, and are generally smaller than the between-species delta-distances.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18953039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066522",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18953039",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 594,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "The average absolute dinucleotide relative abundance difference, termed delta-distance, has been commonly used t... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 554356d0ed966d112c000005 |
factoid | Name a method for enrichment of arginine-methylated peptides. | ['Immunoaffinity purification'] | Immunoaffinity purification using specific antibodies has been used in order to perform enrichment of methylated peptides. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129315"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129315",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 395,
"offsetInEndSection": 795,
"text": "To better study protein methylation, we have developed highly specific antibodies against monomethyl arginine; a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001120",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008745",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010455",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joche... | [] | 532206819b2d7acc7e00000f |
factoid | Rindopepimut is an analog of which growth factor? | [['EGFRvIII']] | ['Rindopepimut is an analog of EGFRvIII. It is being tested for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme', 'Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine which elicits EGFRvIII-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. ', 'Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine which elicits EGFRvIII-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. ', 'Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine which elicits EGFRvIII-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. ', 'Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine which elicits EGFRvIII-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. ', 'Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine which elicits EGFRvIII-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25186601",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22309662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154166"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25186601",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 600,
"offsetInEndSection": 829,
"text": "Rindopepimut consists of a 14-mer peptide that spans the length of EGF receptor variant III, a mutant variant of... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRFA_CAMPS",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRFA_MYXVL",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRFA_RABPU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRFA_CAMPM",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRFA_RFVKA"
] | [] | 54d8fd334b1fd0d33c000005 |
factoid | From which tissue was the NCI-H520 cell-line derived? | ['Non-small cell lung cancer', 'Squamous cell carcinoma'] | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H520.
Squamous cell carcinoma cell line NCI-H520. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16877704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 509,
"offsetInEndSection": 841,
"text": "The nanostructures target the cells with high affinity and specificity via the specific interaction between the ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014024"
] | [] | 52f89fc62059c6d71c000050 |
factoid | What is the incidence of Edwards syndrom in the european population? | ['1:5000'] | Between 0.125 and 39 in every 1000 live births. Most probably 1:5000 of live-born. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23116348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20584846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19911411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19408854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "dwards syndrome (trisomy 18) occurs in 1: 8000 live births and is closely related to the mother's age"
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1085",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015994",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014314"
] | [] | 52f350042059c6d71c000010 |
factoid | What is the substrate of the microbial enzyme inulinase? | [['The inulinase acts on the beta-(2,1)-D-fructoside links in inulin releasing D-fructose.']] | ['The inulinase acts on the beta-(2,1)-D-fructoside links in inulin releasing D-fructose.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23265469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24031804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "Inulinases mainly produced by the microorganism and it degrades inulin into fructose which is a digestible form.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013379",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INU2_ASPFI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INU1_KLUMA",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051670"
] | [] | 54f60ae05f206a0c06000008 |
factoid | What tyrosine kinase, involved in a Philadelphia- chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, is the target of Imatinib (Gleevec)? | ['BCR-ABL'] | The fusion protein BCR-ABL | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23666688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233201",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23174189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942795",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "CR-ABL-targeted TKI that inhibits BCR-ABL with greater potency compared with imatinib"
},
{
"beginSectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015464",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010677",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011505",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 5324a8ac9b2d7acc7e000018 |
factoid | When was empagliflozin FDA approved? | [['2014']] | ['Empagliflozin was approved in 2014 by the European Commission and the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712444"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "To review available studies of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor approved in 201... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014486",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017277"
] | [] | 571e172bbb137a4b0c000002 |
factoid | Which R/bioconductor package is used for integrative genomics visualizations? | [['Sushi.R']] | ['Sushi.R is a flexible, quantitative and integrative genomic visualizations for publication-quality multi-panel figures using common genomic data formats including Browser Extensible Data (BED), bedGraph and Browser Extensible Data Paired-End (BEDPE). Sushi.R is open source and made publicly available through GitHub (https://github.com/dphansti/Sushi) and Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Sushi.html).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24903420"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24903420",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Sushi.R: flexible, quantitative and integrative genomic visualizations for publication-quality multi-panel figures."
}... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023281"
] | [] | 56b330bb39c782df06000001 |
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